Author : Davuluri Kusuma Sai 1
Date of Publication :18th March 2021
Abstract: In present times, emergence of Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) are serious hurdle in diagnosis and control of human tuberculosis (hTB) cases. Regulation of disease especially in cases of EPTB (disseminated/ localized), requires the understanding of potent mechanisms induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and therapeutic strategies targeting dissemination mechanisms induced by M.tb. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis is characterized by formation of granuloma, site from where M.tb either get regulated or reactivated. Though cell- mediated immunity (CMI) of the host is enough to control progression of the disease, however, it fails to exert ‘sterile eradication’. M.tb resides inside the macrophages and is relatively resistant to microbicidal mechanisms that efficiently eliminate other phagocytosed bacteria. TB bacilli escape macrophage attack and migrate to extracellular regions. Present paper summarizes various mechanisms and genes involved in the dissemination of M.tb to other organs and reviews strategies for the regulation of dissemination of M.tb infection in humans.
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