Author : Dr.Santhoshini Vaijinath 1
Date of Publication :26th June 2021
Abstract: Background: In recent years Enterococcus spp. have become second, commonest cause of nosocomial infections accounting for 34- 46%, due to multidrug-resistant and these pathogens usually affect patients who are debilitated by other, concurrent illnesses and undergoing prolonged hospitalization, causing significant mortality and morbidity. These organisms survive in hospital environment as they have intrinsic resistance to several commonly used antibiotics and can acquire resistance to other antibiotics, either by mutation or through the transfer of plasmids and transposons. The emergence of VRE is a cause of concern, as it is very difficult to control as VRE can spread from one person to another through contact with contaminated surfaces or equipment or through person to person spread, often via contaminated hands.
Reference :
-
- Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM, Schreckenberger PC, Winn WCJ. The gram positive cocci. Part 2: Streptococci, enterococci and the Streptococcus like bacteria. Koneman’s color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1997. p. 577- 650.
- M.G. Karmarkar, Edwin S. Gershom & P. R. Mehta.Enterococcal infections with special reference to phenotypic characterization & drug resistance. Indian J Med Res 119 (Suppl) May 2004, pp 22-25.
- Murray BE, Weinstock GM. Enterococci: new aspects of an old organism. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1999;111: 328-34.
- Richards MJ, Edwards JR, Culver DH, Gaynes RP. Nosocomial infections in combined medical-surgical intensive care units in the United States. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21:510-5.
- Arias CA, Murray BE.The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2012;10:266-78.
- Jones ME, Draghi DC, Thornsberry C, Karlowsky JA, Sahm DF, Wenzel RP. Emerging resistance among bacterial pathogens in the intensive care unit - a European and North American Surveillance study (2000-2002). Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2004; 3:14-25.
- Jett BD, Huycke MM, Gilmore MS. Virulence of enterococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994; 7:462-78.
- "Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and the Clinical Laboratory". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 21 May 2017. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Sood S, Malhotra M, Das BK, Kapil A. Enterococcal infections & antimicrobial resistance. Indian J Med Res 2008;128 :111- 21.
- Vittal P. Prakash, Sambasiva R. Rao and Subash C. Parija, Emergence of unusual species of enterococci causing infections, South India, BMC Infections Diseases 2005; 5:14/1417-2334