Open Access Journal

ISSN : 2456-1304 (Online)

International Journal of Engineering Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering(IJERECE)

Monthly Journal for Electronics and Communication Engineering

Open Access Journal

International Journal of Science Engineering and Management (IJSEM)

Monthly Journal for Science Engineering and Management

ISSN : 2456-1304 (Online)

Application of Chitosan, Ferric Chloride and Aluminium Sulphate in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Coastal, Estuarine and Industrial Wastewater

Author : Sruthi Thalayappil R S 1 Darsana K K 2 Gowthamy Satheeshan 3 P T Mathew 4

Date of Publication :19th January 2022

Abstract: Water quality in water bodies is subjected to the natural degradation process of eutrophication and has adverse effect on social development. Most of the water bodies in Kochi, Alappuzha and Kottayam shrunk considerably due to the aggressive rapid urbanization process and overpowering invasion. This study aims at assessing the physic-chemical parameters of coastal, estuarine and industrial wastewater samples and application of chitosan in removal of heavy metals. A study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical parameters of water of 5 different water bodies and 2 industries in Ernakulam, Kottayam and Alappuzha named Periyar River, Fort Kochi beach, Poonithura Canal, Vembanadu Lake, Vettikattumukku pond in Kottayam, and two seafood industries in Cochin from March to May, 2021. The selected parameters were water temperature, color, salinity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), concentration of nutrients (Nitrite, Phosphate and Silicate) and concentration of alkali metals (Sodium, Potassium and Calcium). This analytical study would improve the socio eco features of these water bodies by employing utility-based restoration plans. Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements, which are found throughout the earth’s crust, most environmental contamination and human exposure and majority of them are carcinogenic. We removed the heavy metals for reducing the toxicity of wastewater in eco-friendly and cheaper way using chitosan, aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride. Under different pH conditions, adsorption of chromium and copper ions by chitosan was investigated. Amount of chromium and copper absorbed or the efficiency of heavy metal removal by chitosan, alum and ferric chloride were determined using ICP-AES. Among Chromium and Copper, Cu can be efficiently removed from the water using chitosan at higher pH. Ferric chloride is more efficient in removing heavy metals than Aluminium sulfate at the same pH.

Reference :

    1. Aghapour, Ali Ahmad, et al. (2016). "Nitrate removal from water using alum and ferric chloride: a comparative study of alum and ferric chloride efficiency." Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal 3.2: 69-73.
    2. Akbal, F., & Camcı, S. (2010). Comparison of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation for heavy metal removal. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 33(10), 1655-1664.
    3. Dadzie, E.S. (2012). Assessment of heavy metal contamination of the Densu River, Weija from leachate (Doctoral dissertation).
    4. Dominic, Midhun & Chacko, Shino & Tom, Thara. (2016). Analysis of Water Quality of Samples Collected from Thevara Region, Kerala, India. IJRASET. 4. 382-388.
    5. Duruibe, Joseph & C, Ogwuegbu & Egwurugwu, Jude. (2007). Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Biotoxic Effects. Int. J. Phys. Sci.. 2. 112 – 118.
    6. Gajendran, C. (2011). Water quality assessment and prediction modeling of Nambiyar river basin, Tamil nadu, India.
    7. Guo, X., Wei, Z., Wu, Q., Li, C., Qian, T., & Zheng, W. (2016). Effect of soil washing with only chelators or combining with ferric chloride on soil heavy metal removal and phytoavailability: field experiments. Chemosphere, 147, 412-419.
    8. Johnson, Pauline D., et al. (2008). "Enhanced removal of heavy metals in primary treatment using coagulation and flocculation." Water environment research 80.5: 472-479
    9.  Joy, Rosewine. (2020). Comparative Study On Water Quality Index Of Lake Vs. Adjoining Tidal Fed Shrimp Farms Along Vembanad Lake, A Ramsar Site, Kerala, India. Plant Archives. 20. 2172-2176
    10. Lakherwal, Dimple. (2014). "Adsorption of heavy metals: a review." International journal of environmental research and development 4.1: 41-48
    11. Nasir, N., and Z. Daud (2014). "Performance of aluminium sulphate and polyaluminium choloride in biodiesel wastewater." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 7.1: 1189-1195
    12. Omer, N. H. (2019). Water quality parameters. Water quality-science, assessments and policy, 18.
    13. Renu, Agarwal, M., & Singh, K. (2017). Methodologies for removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: an overview. Interdisciplinary Environmental Review, 18(2), 124-142.
    14. Sewvandi, G. A. (2014). Removal of heavy metals from waste water using locally derived chitosan (Doctoral dissertation).
    15. Shetty, A. R. (2006). Metal anion removal from wastewater using chitosan in a polymer enhanced diafiltration system (Doctoral dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute).
    16. Vidu, R., Matei, E., Predescu, A. M., Alhalaili, B., Pantilimon, C., Tarcea, C., & Predescu, C. (2020). Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewaters: A Challenge from Current Treatment Methods to Nanotechnology Applications. Toxics, 8(4), 101.
    17. Yayintas, O. T., Yılmaz, S., Turkoglu, M., & Dilgin, Y. (2007). Determination of heavy metal pollution with environmental physicochemical parameters in waste water of Kocabas Stream (Biga, Canakkale, Turkey) by ICP-AES. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 127(1), 389-397.
    18.  Yousefi, Z., and M. A. Zazouli. (2008). "Removal of heavy metals from solid wastes leachates coagulation-flocculation process." Journal of Applied Sciences 8.11: 2142-2147.

Recent Article